Commercial Fleet Vehicle’s Evolution to Electrification
Bollinger Motors is an electric vehicle manufacturer focused on Class 4 and Class 5 trucks. Founded in 2015, the company initially set out to develop off-road electric vehicles but later pivoted to commercial fleet electrification, seeing a gap in the medium-duty truck market. Now headquartered in Oak Park, Michigan, Bollinger is majority-owned by California-based Mullen Automotive (Nasdaq: MULN). SBN Detroit interviewed Jim Connelly, the company’s Chief Revenue Officer, to discuss the challenges and opportunities within the Class 4 and Class 5 electric truck market, the considerations driving fleet electrification, and the broader implications for sustainability and economic growth in the region. Q: How did Bollinger Motors get started, and what led the company into the Class 4 and 5 truck market? A: Robert Bollinger founded Bollinger Motors in 2015 in upstate New York with the goal of developing a rugged, off-road vehicle for his farm that didn’t rely on gas. He and a small team of engineers started experimenting in his garage. As things progressed, Robert saw a gap in the commercial truck space – there were virtually no electric options in the Class 4, 5, and 6 segments. With government incentives accelerating EV adoption, the opportunity to focus on the commercial market became clear. Bollinger moved operations to Oak Park in 2017, tapping into the automotive engineering and manufacturing expertise in Detroit. Q: What is the driving force behind the development of Class 4 and 5 trucks, and how does this market function? A: The commercial vehicle sector has been expanding rapidly, particularly with the rise of last-mile delivery services and the increasing demand for residential delivery. Class 4 and 5 trucks are utilized across several industries, including landscaping, telecommunications, and delivery services. These versatile vehicles play a key role in urban and regional transportation. Electrification makes perfect sense for this market. Most Class 4 and 5 vehicles operate locally, returning to a central depot each evening, which simplifies charging logistics. The predictable routes and relatively moderate daily mileage make them ideal candidates for EV adoption. Q: What are the main factors driving businesses to transition to electric trucks at this size? A: Sustainability goals are a major motivator. Large corporations are looking to reduce their carbon footprint, and transitioning their fleets from gas and diesel to electric clearly aligns with their environmental objectives. Cost savings are a key factor as well. Fuel economy improvements, lower maintenance costs, and federal and state incentives make electric fleet adoption financially appealing. Since these vehicles are driven extensively, reducing fuel costs and minimizing maintenance expenses significantly lower the total cost of ownership over time. Q: What are the biggest challenges and opportunities in establishing EV adoption in this segment? The biggest challenge is infrastructure development. Companies need to build charging infrastructure to support EV fleets, which can be a major hurdle. Another challenge is driver familiarity. Drivers are used to gas and diesel vehicles, so transitioning to EVs can be disruptive. We intentionally designed the truck’s cab and controls to be similar to traditional vehicles. When it comes to opportunities, the market is wide open. Q: How does Bollinger’s partnership with EO Charging support fleet electrification? A: While many companies are eager to transition to electric fleets, most fleet managers have spent their careers managing gas and diesel vehicles. The shift to EVs requires new knowledge about charging infrastructure, vehicle compatibility, and grid capacity – areas that can cause angst. EO Charging provides end-to-end solutions, assessing customers’ facilities, infrastructure, and utility needs. They work alongside us to ensure that everything is in place – from hardware installation to liaising with utility companies – so businesses can confidently move forward with EV adoption. Q: What has the response from fleet operators been since Bollinger launched sales last fall? A: The response has been very positive. At the recent NTEA Work Truck Show, we participated in ride-and-drive events, where industry leaders and fleet managers had the opportunity to test our vehicles. Many have since expressed strong interest in long-term test drives, which we are now scheduling. We’ve also established a growing dealer network, with over 50 locations nationwide and are continuing to expand. Discussions with additional dealer groups indicate that demand for electric commercial trucks is rising steadily. Q: How do these trucks compare to diesel alternatives in cost and emissions? A: The total cost of ownership varies depending on several factors, including miles driven, fuel prices, vehicle lifespan, and upfitting requirements. We use a tool developed by Argonne National Laboratory at the University of Chicago, which allows businesses to calculate the payback period and emissions reductions for their specific use case. While EVs have a higher upfront cost, they become more cost-effective over time due to fuel savings, reduced maintenance, and substantial government incentives. Speaking of incentives, the federal government offers a $40,000 tax credit for Class 4 EVs under the Inflation Reduction Act. Certain states, such as California, provide additional incentives of up to $60,000 per vehicle, meaning businesses can receive up to $100,000 in incentives per truck. These incentives make early EV adoption much more financially viable. Many states now offer additional grants and rebates as well. We have a dedicated team that helps customers navigate these incentives, ensuring they maximize available savings. Q: What role does Bollinger’s Michigan headquarters play in the future of EV truck production? A: Robert Bollinger always knew that to scale, he needed to be in Detroit – the automotive capital of the world. Southeast Michigan provides access to a highly skilled workforce, manufacturing expertise, and a network of suppliers and engineers that is unmatched anywhere else in the country. We see ourselves as more than just an EV company – we are an automotive company. Being headquartered in Michigan allows us to merge cutting-edge technology with traditional automotive craftsmanship, ensuring we produce world-class electric trucks that meet the needs of commercial fleets today and into the future. Be sure to subscribe to our newsletter for regular updates on sustainable business practices in and around Detroit.
Rethinking Freight: How Drones May Change Cargo Transport
The Detroit Region Aerotropolis Development Corp. is a public-private economic development partnership with the Wayne County Airport Authority. Looking through an environmental and ecological lens, the organization aims to build out the manufacturing, logistics, and mobility sectors in the airport region of Southeast Michigan to attract investment and improve transportation efficiencies. One of its key areas of focus is exploring sustainable freight solutions, including the use of drones to transport lightweight cargo, reducing emissions, road congestion, and overall wear on transportation networks. SBN Detroit spoke with Christopher Girdwood, CEO of Detroit Region Aerotropolis, to discuss how drone technology is reshaping logistics, the environmental and economic impact of freight inefficiencies, and the future of cargo transport in Southeast Michigan. Q: How is the Detroit Region Aerotropolis set up and funded? A: Detroit Region Aerotropolis is part of a Next Michigan Development Corp. (NMDC), a legislative framework established around 2010 following the Great Recession. The goal was to stimulate economic growth by leveraging key regional assets, such as Detroit Metropolitan Airport (DTW) and Willow Run Airport. Similar NMDCs exist across Michigan, including Traverse City for wine and tourism and Midland for Canadian cross-border trade. In total, there are seven in the state. We are funded through contributions from the Wayne County Airport Authority, Wayne County, Washtenaw County, Taylor, Romulus, Van Buren, and Huron, along with private partners like DTE and national developers. The overarching concept of NMDCs is to harness regional strengths—in our case, the airport region and aerotropolis—to drive economic engines and create new opportunities locally, nationally, and even globally. Q: A main focus of the Detroit Region Aerotropolis is the utilization of drones to transport lightweight cargo. Is this a fully operational initiative, or is it still in a developmental phase? A: Right now, we are still in the developmental phase. About five years ago, we engaged Airspace Link, a Detroit-based company, to explore alternative solutions to road expansion, which can be very costly. In fact, building a new mile of road can cost around $1 million, so extrapolating from there, to expand Ecorse Road between I-75 and I-94 could run between $40 million and $50 million. Instead of building new roads, we started asking whether low-altitude airspace could be used to transport freight more efficiently. In 2021, we conducted a drone demonstration for stakeholders in Taylor, showing how drones could be used for transporting time-sensitive medical supplies like COVID tests. By 2023, we partnered with Automation Alley, Airspace Link, and the State of Michigan to run another pilot involving the movement of Project Diamond’s 3D-printed parts. The core question is, why transport a five-pound part on a two-ton truck when a drone can deliver it faster and more sustainably? Looking forward, we’re launching a pilot program – again in partnership with Airspace Link – that will consider Michigan’s extensive railway network for use as a corridor for drone flights. Since rail corridors are underutilized, they could serve as safe, dedicated pathways for just-in-time delivery solutions. Q: From an environmental standpoint, what are the biggest inefficiencies in the current freight and logistics system that drones could help solve? A: One of the biggest inefficiencies we see is the mismatch between cargo size and transport vehicle. It’s the two-ton truck scenario I mentioned. Trucks often run at low capacity in terms of cargo. They consume fuel, contribute to congestion, and increase emissions. By adopting a model where the size and weight of transported goods are better matched with the vehicle, we can significantly reduce unnecessary truck traffic. Low-altitude airspace offers a solution to move cargo without adding more trucks to the roads. We’ve been analyzing similar drone freight models in Dallas, Virginia, and North Dakota, which have used battery-powered drones to optimize freight movement and reduce carbon footprints. Our goal is to bring those sustainability benefits to Southeast Michigan. Q: What are the key challenges when it comes to widespread drone adoption for cargo movement in Southeast Michigan? A: One of the biggest challenges is community acceptance. We want to ensure that drones operate in designated corridors, avoiding residential areas and sensitive infrastructure. Over-communicating with communities and local governments will be key to gaining public support. Another challenge is regulatory approval. Romulus is currently working on an ordinance to allow drone operations, and we hope that other municipalities will follow their lead. Being a first-mover in this space often attracts industry investment, so communities that take the lead in enabling drone logistics will likely see new businesses and jobs emerge in their regions. Q: Are there specific industries or types of cargo where drones could make an immediate impact? A: The State of Michigan has asked us this same question. An example is 3D printing and advanced manufacturing. Getting designs from production to final assembly is critical. The traditional transit method involves a delivery truck – a process that could be made far more efficient with drone delivery. Similarly, in the HVAC industry, skilled tradespeople often need custom-cut sheet metal at their job sites. Instead of driving to pick it up, a drone could deliver the materials directly, eliminating travel time and allowing for more installations in a day. Another promising sector is medical logistics, where time-sensitive deliveries of medical equipment and devices are already gaining traction. Unlike consumer drone delivery models like Amazon’s, which focus on residential shipments, we are prioritizing and leaning into our industrial heritage in Southeast Michigan. Our focus is on using drone freight to support Michigan’s manufacturing sector by moving goods between Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers and final assembly plants – ideally utilizing railway corridors as designated drone flight paths. Q: Are there cost savings for businesses, or is this more about sustainability and reducing environmental impact? A: It’s a combination of both. From a cost perspective, companies are already exploring drone freight as an alternative to traditional trucking. Additionally, every new truck on the road contributes to traffic congestion and the need for expanded infrastructure. If drones can help prevent the need
Sustainability in Civil Engineering: Challenges, Innovations, and the Future
Spalding DeDecker is a Rochester, Hills-Michigan-based civil engineering and surveying firm specializing in infrastructure and land development, land surveying, landscape architecture, and urban planning. With decades of experience, the company has contributed to a wide range of projects, including transportation networks, private and public developments, and municipal services, balancing engineering excellence with evolving industry demands. SBN Detroit interviewed Tricia DeMarco, Director of Urban Design and Sustainability, and Bob Ford, Lead Landscape Architecture at Spalding DeDecker, to discuss the role of sustainability within their projects, as well as the challenges and opportunities of implementing eco-conscious infrastructure and design in Southeast Michigan. Q: How does Spalding DeDecker approach sustainability, and what methodologies or processes are you focused on? DeMarco: Spalding DeDecker has been around for 70 years, and like any forward-thinking company, we continually seek opportunities to evolve. Over the past five years, we’ve expanded our services to include urban planning and landscape architecture. This multidisciplinary approach is now essential for competing in sustainable projects. By integrating these disciplines, we ensure sustainability is considered holistically at every stage of development, rather than as an afterthought. Q: What are the biggest sustainability challenges the civil engineering and landscape architecture industries face today, particularly in infrastructure development and land surveying? DeMarco: Public funding and prioritization remain some of the biggest hurdles. Market conditions and regulatory approvals also pose significant barriers to innovation and development. Some of the most promising, forward-thinking projects stall or never come to fruition due to these constraints. Ford: In urban environments, implementing sustainability measures—such as water detention systems—offers clear environmental benefits. These solutions cleanse stormwater before it enters drainage systems, mitigate flooding, and improve water quality. However, they also require land and space which can be costly. Emerging technologies are helping to submerge these systems beneath parking lots and other developed areas, but they add significant costs that not all projects can absorb. Q: What are the specific sustainability challenges in Southeast Michigan? DeMarco: Having worked in multiple states, I’ve seen that one of Southeast Michigan’s biggest challenges is stormwater retention. Many areas, particularly in Detroit, have non-infiltrating soils, which means that even when regulations require on-site stormwater retention, the land itself can’t accommodate it. Contaminated urban soils further complicate stormwater solutions. Ford: That’s exactly right. Many of the soils in this region are heavy clay, which doesn’t allow for effective water infiltration. Additionally, in urban areas, we often encounter layers of fill material left from demolished buildings, which can create further challenges. If a site wasn’t properly backfilled or if remnants of previous structures remain, it adds complexity and cost to development. Q: Conversely, are there any specific opportunities in urban planning, infrastructure, and site design in Southeast Michigan? DeMarco: One of the greatest opportunities in Detroit and Southeast Michigan is the availability of land. While vacant land presents its own challenges, it also allows us to think creatively and implement solutions that wouldn’t be possible in more densely developed cities. Another opportunity lies in rethinking roadways. Rather than automatically widening roads, we can evaluate the entire right-of-way and explore alternative uses. Community engagement is also a significant advantage here—many projects are directly shaped by input from local residents and stakeholders, which isn’t always the case in other regions. Ford: In downtown Detroit, there has been a great deal of innovation surrounding stormwater runoff management, including drainage credit incentives for sustainable stormwater solutions. These regulatory challenges have actually fueled creative approaches and encouraged developers and engineers to think differently. Q: How does Spalding DeDecker integrate sustainable practices into projects like the Detroit Zoo? Can you share specific strategies or innovations that have made a measurable impact? DeMarco: The Detroit Zoo project provided an opportunity to approach sustainability from a much broader perspective than is typical in most projects. One of the key focuses was stormwater management. Instead of viewing stormwater as a nuisance, we considered it a valuable resource. Through the Zoo’s Discovery Trail project, we designed a system that captures and can be used in the future to repurpose stormwater for practical uses such as flushing toilets and irrigation. By treating stormwater as an asset rather than a problem, we were able to create a more sustainable and efficient solution. Pursuing SITEs Certification on this project also encouraged us to think creatively about preserving existing soil composition and protection of the underlying mycelium networks which, as an industry, we are gaining an increasing understanding of the importance of leaving these site elements undisturbed. Q: When it comes to private and public development projects, how do you balance environmental responsibility with economic feasibility? DeMarco: Environmental responsibility and economic feasibility go hand in hand. At its core, sustainability is about managing the tension between the two. One of the most cost-effective approaches is leveraging the existing natural systems of a site rather than working against them. Respecting and integrating these systems can lead to both economic and environmental benefits. Ford: There’s always a balance to strike. Incorporating sustainability measures often requires an upfront investment, but there are ways to offset costs. Recycling materials—such as using crushed concrete as base material—can reduce expenses while maintaining structural integrity. We also prioritize stormwater infiltration where possible, using green infrastructure to not only manage water but also enhance aesthetics. Trees and green spaces don’t just help with stormwater; they reduce the heat island effect, improve air quality, and enhance the pedestrian experience. Q: What are the biggest barriers to incorporating sustainable practices into large-scale projects? DeMarco: The biggest barrier is the status quo. It’s far easier to do things the way they’ve always been done. True sustainability requires stepping back, understanding the unique context of a project, and identifying site-specific opportunities. Ford: Absolutely. Regulations often dictate project design based on traditional methodologies, limiting the ability to explore more sustainable alternatives. That’s why it’s crucial to involve clients and regulatory agencies early in the planning process to explore new approaches before a project becomes locked into a conventional path. Q: How is climate change
A Look at Sustainable Architecture with Quinn Evans
Quinn Evans is a nationally recognized architecture and design firm specializing in historic preservation, adaptive reuse, and sustainable building strategies. With a strong commitment to reducing environmental impact, the firm prioritizes decarbonization through the reuse of existing structures, energy-efficient design, and innovative material solutions. An example of this is the firm’s leadership in restoring Detroit’s historic Michigan Central Station. In collaboration with Ford Motor Co., Quinn Evans assembled a multidisciplinary team of architects, engineers, historians, and conservation specialists to rehabilitate the long-abandoned landmark. SBN Detroit interviewed Senior Associate Angela Wyrembelski to explore the challenges and opportunities of decarbonizing buildings, the role of adaptive reuse in reducing embodied carbon, and the latest tools and technologies shaping the future of sustainable architecture. Q: Walk us through how Quinn Evans approaches decarbonization in building design and renovation. A: At the core of our approach is valuing what already exists. Reusing and adapting existing structures is our first line of defense against excessive carbon emissions. New construction comes with an enormous carbon cost, from material extraction to manufacturing and transportation. By preserving and repurposing buildings, we significantly reduce that impact while maintaining the historical and cultural integrity of structures that communities value. Beyond preservation, we focus on making buildings high-performing through energy-efficient systems and renewable energy integration. We also consider material selection – prioritizing low-carbon materials and renewable resources – to minimize environmental impact. These layers work together to create buildings that are both sustainable and adaptable for the future. Q: What are the most significant contributors to carbon emissions in architecture and development? A: The structure itself is by far the biggest contributor. Building materials such as steel and concrete account for nearly 50% of a structure’s carbon footprint. Concrete, in particular, is incredibly carbon-intensive. Q: What strategies can be implemented to counteract these carbon contributors? A: We prioritize material selection. Low-carbon concrete is gaining traction… there are manufacturers working with different mixes that are much better for the environment. We also advocate for retaining as much of a structure as possible to minimize the need for new materials. Additionally, we use Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) to ensure transparency in material selection and work closely with manufacturers that provide sustainable options. It’s a holistic approach that combines design, technology, and materials to drive lower carbon outcomes. Q: What are the biggest challenges in designing and executing low-carbon projects? A: One of the biggest challenges is cost perception. Energy-efficient upgrades are often easier to justify because they lead to lower utility bills. However, the financial return on low-carbon materials isn’t always as direct. Convincing clients to invest in sustainable materials that may have a higher upfront cost but a longer-term environmental benefit can be difficult. Q: How does adaptive reuse contribute to sustainability? A: Adaptive reuse is one of the most impactful sustainability strategies. Embodied carbon in new buildings can be equivalent to operating a building for 10 to 50 years. The construction phase—material extraction, manufacturing, transportation, and installation—is highly energy-intensive. By contrast, when we reuse a structure, much of the material is already on-site, eliminating those initial carbon expenditures. This is why we advocate for renovation and repurposing over demolition and new construction whenever possible. How does your work in Detroit compare to other markets in terms of sustainable development? A: Michigan lags behind some coastal states in energy codes and sustainable requirements. Cities on the East Coast, for example, have stringent energy mandates that compel developers to meet higher efficiency standards. In Michigan, we often have to educate clients on the benefits of going beyond minimum code requirements. That said, there is a strong culture of stewardship in Michigan. Legacy institutions within the auto industry, churches, and universities have deep-rooted histories, and many of these organizations recognize the value of long-term sustainability. Our role is to help them integrate sustainability into their projects in ways that align with their mission and values. Q: Quinn Evans played a major role in the Michigan Central revitalization. What sustainable strategies were implemented, and what lessons can be applied to future renovations? A: This was an incredibly rewarding project. The first step was assessing what could be saved. The building had been abandoned for over 30 years, yet it still had incredible architectural details that we wanted to preserve. We focused on retaining as much of the original materials as possible, aligning with the embodied carbon narrative. Another key aspect was optimizing the building’s performance and envelope. We used advanced modeling software to analyze thermal performance, airflow, and ventilation. This helped us right-size insulation and mechanical systems to enhance efficiency while preserving historic integrity. For example, our studies showed that adding insulation to the upper brick portion of the building would improve performance, but doing the same to the limestone base would trap moisture and accelerate deterioration. These findings guided our approach, ensuring sustainability without compromising the building’s long-term health. Q: What new digital tools are helping architects track and optimize carbon savings? A: We use a variety of tools, including Tally and EC3, to analyze material selections and their carbon impact. For whole-building carbon analysis, we use C-Scale (EPIC) and the CARE Tool, which help compare carbon emissions from new versus renovated buildings. These technologies allow us to make data-driven decisions that prioritize sustainability from the outset. Q: What are some of the most promising sustainable materials currently being developed? A: There’s been significant progress in repurposing waste materials. We’re seeing recycled glass being used in place of gravel and construction waste being reintegrated into new builds. At Michigan Central, historic materials that were unable to be reinstalled were reused in creative ways. Stone cladding from the station’s columns was repurposed within the counters of the café, and marble was incorporated into the landscape as accent features. Finding innovative ways to repurpose materials keeps them out of landfills and adds unique character to a project. Q: Looking ahead, where do you see sustainable architecture evolving in the next five to ten years? A: There
Bosch to Invest $13.7 Million in Hydrogen Research and Development Hub in Farmington Hills
Hydrogen technology is gaining attention as a potential solution for reducing carbon emissions and supporting clean energy initiatives. Bosch is expanding its research and development efforts in Michigan with a new hydrogen hub, supported by the Michigan Business Development Program. The project focuses on advancing fuel cell and hydrogen engine technology, with applications in transportation and other industries. SBN Detroit asked Matt Thorington, Engineering Manager of Hydrogen Stacks and Systems at Bosch USA, about the company’s vision for hydrogen, the impact of its new hydrogen hub, and the role Michigan plays in driving clean energy innovation. Q: Regarding Bosch’s commitment to advance hydrogen technology – what drives this investment, and what are the ultimate goals of the hydrogen hub? A: Hydrogen will play a role in a diversified mix of powertrain options in the future. Hydrogen is used in many other sectors, all of which, including mobility, will benefit from clean hydrogen production via water electrolysis. Our work at the Farmington Hills location underscores our commitment to advancing hydrogen technology, enabling us to deliver innovative solutions that support our customers’ needs and drive progress toward the hydrogen economy. Q: Given the Michigan Business Development Program grant, how important is the state’s support in facilitating innovation and expanding clean energy infrastructure? A: The addition of this hydrogen research and development space will help empower innovative developments throughout the hydrogen lifecycle, allowing for improved integration. This $13.7 million Michigan Business Development Program grant will enable extensive upgrades and restructuring of 2,200 square feet of existing space to support further development of the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell power module and the Proton Exchange Membrane electrolyzer stack for hydrogen production. Q: Bosch has identified hydrogen as a key part of a diversified powertrain future. How exactly will the hub facilitate and support this? A: Fuel cells are highly efficient at converting hydrogen into electricity, and when powered by green hydrogen (produced via renewable energy), fuel cell electric vehicles offer a sustainable transportation solution with a low environmental footprint. With the fuel cell, Bosch is offering a solution – especially for long-haul trucks. Fuel cells have attained the technological maturity required for broad-based use, initially in commercial trucking. Q: What specific sustainability challenges does this hydrogen hub aim to address, both locally in Michigan and globally? A: Fuel cell vehicles produce only water vapor as a byproduct, making them a clean alternative to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles and contributing to improved air quality and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Another bonus: fuel cell vehicles can be refueled in just a few minutes at hydrogen stations, offering refueling convenience similar to conventional vehicles. They also provide longer driving ranges compared to many battery electric vehicles, making them ideal for long-distance travel, thereby enabling the possibility to help decarbonize the ‘hard to abate’ sectors such as HD mobility, industrial, and power sectors. For applications that run for a long time at high loads, a hydrogen engine is an attractive solution that helps to enable decarbonization while largely maintaining the existing powertrain. Bosch is developing injection and ignition systems for both port fuel and direct injection of hydrogen, designed to enable OEMs to utilize approximately 90% of the existing engine and vehicle architecture, and quickly adopt the hardware to hydrogen fuel. The success of fuel cell technology and hydrogen engine technology is further buoyed by the hydrogen hubs in the U.S.. More applications will help these technologies to establish a foothold in key initial markets. Q: How will this project contribute to Michigan’s role in clean energy and hydrogen development? A: Hydrogen offers immense potential as a low-carbon fuel that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve energy security, and drive economic growth. I’m thankful that the State of Michigan continues to invest in clean energy and hydrogen development. Q: What impact on jobs will this new hydrogen hub have? A: The Regional Hydrogen Research and Development Hub at Bosch’s Farmington Hills headquarters facility is anticipated to create 28 new jobs in mechanical, electrical and chemical engineering over a three-year period. Q: What are Bosch’s next steps in hydrogen innovation, and could we see further expansions or additional hydrogen-focused projects in Michigan? A: Fuel cell power modules are only the beginning for Bosch. Today’s engine and powertrain technologies, along with the corresponding vehicle architectures, provide a solid platform for the development of hydrogen engines, especially since a significant portion of existing development and manufacturing technologies can be re-utilized. The basic structure of the fuel, air, and exhaust system can be adopted from existing powertrain solutions. A hydrogen engine can do everything a diesel engine does, but on top of that, it can contribute to improved air quality and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Although its efficiency is lower than that of a fuel cell when loads are light to moderate, it is more efficient for full loads. Be sure to subscribe to our newsletter for regular updates on sustainable business practices in and around Detroit.
Urban Farming in Detroit
Planted Detroit is a vertical farming company located in the heart of the city, dedicated to redefining the way fresh produce is grown and distributed. By leveraging Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) and a commitment to biosecurity, the company focuses on producing high-quality greens year-round while minimizing environmental impact. Its model aims to ensure fresher, longer-lasting food while reducing the carbon footprint associated with traditional farming and long-distance transportation. SBN Detroit interviewed CEO and founder Tom Adamczyk to discuss the company’s sustainability efforts, how vertical farming plays a role in reshaping the food system, and what this means for businesses and consumers in Southeast Michigan. Q: Your background is in finance – what prompted the shift to develop Planted Detroit? A: Yes, my background is in capital markets and finance, particularly mergers, acquisitions, and investment management. Part of that work involved identifying emerging technologies and investment opportunities, with a specific focus on agriculture and sustainability. Through this research, I began looking at broader issues within the food supply chain and seeing systemic issues. Consumers are often paying higher prices for food that is lower in quality, and much of that is due to inefficiencies in how food is grown, transported, and distributed. A significant portion of fresh produce travels thousands of miles before reaching grocery stores, which impacts its nutritional value and shelf life while increasing costs and environmental impact. In 2016–2017, I started researching alternative agricultural models, including controlled environment agriculture. Vertical farming stood out as a viable approach to addressing these challenges. Rather than just investing in the sector, I wanted to fully understand how to make vertical farming both sustainable and economically viable – and be a part of it. That led to the launch of Planted Detroit in 2018. Q: Why did you choose vertical farming as your model? What advantages does it offer in terms of sustainability? A: I evaluated multiple controlled environment agriculture models, including greenhouse farming but determined that vertical farming had more scalability potential in urban environments and was more aligned with what I think needs to be done on a large scale for mass food production. The ability to grow vertically also makes it possible to produce more food within a smaller physical footprint. Compared to traditional farming, this method uses fewer natural resources while maintaining consistent production levels. Q: How do you approach energy efficiency in vertical farming? A: When I first started researching vertical farming, LED lighting technology was still evolving. The legalization of cannabis led to significant advancements in this area, as companies like GE and Philips invested in more efficient, cost-effective grow lights. This helped drive down costs and improve performance, making vertical farming more viable at scale. LED lighting systems now allow for adjustments to optimize plant growth and energy use. These new lighting systems generate less heat, which means we only use and pay for the photons needed for plant growth. One of our lights allows us to tune the spectrum from red to blue, which not only impacts the plant’s taste and growth but also improves energy efficiency. Q: How does vertical farming contribute to a more sustainable food system in Southeast Michigan? A: One of the primary challenges in food systems is access to fresh, high-quality produce, and locally based food production can play a role in improving availability. Growing food year-round in a climate like Michigan’s is an advantage in itself. Seasonal limitations often mean that fresh produce must be imported from across the country. By producing food locally, we can shorten the time between harvest and consumption, helping to preserve both nutritional value and quality. In the long term, the goal is to establish a model where fresh, nutrient-rich food is widely accessible, whether through direct-to-consumer sales, grocery stores, or partnerships. Q: What other sustainability practices are in place at Planted Detroit? A: As I mentioned, energy efficiency is a key consideration, both from an environmental and operational standpoint. Lighting and climate control systems are continuously optimized to minimize energy consumption while maintaining stable growing conditions. Water usage is another critical factor. Vertical hydroponic systems allow for 95% less water consumption compared to traditional farming methods. Our system feeds the plants at their root systems with nutrient-dosed water that is then recirculated and cycled back through the plants. This saves a lot of water. In terms of waste management, growing media is used only once per crop cycle and then composted. Local organizations, including Sanctuary Farms, repurpose the composted material, creating a closed-loop system that supports other agricultural efforts in the area. Food waste is also minimized. Any excess products that cannot be sold are donated through Food Rescue U.S. to prevent unnecessary landfill contributions. Packaging materials are continuously evaluated to maximize recyclability. Q: How does Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) compare to traditional farming in terms of resource efficiency? A: Water conservation is one of the most significant benefits. With increasing climate challenges, particularly droughts, the ability to grow food using a fraction of the water required by traditional agriculture is an important factor. Energy consumption is often discussed in relation to CEA, as artificial lighting does require electricity. However, when considering the entire supply chain—including long-haul transportation, refrigeration, and food spoilage—vertical farming presents efficiencies that help offset its energy use. Additionally, because production is demand-driven, it reduces overproduction and associated waste. Q: How do vertical farming and a shorter supply chain benefit businesses and consumers? A: Reducing the number of steps between food production and consumption improves both freshness and sustainability. My goal is farm-to-fork. People should be able to buy their food directly from the farm and put it in their refrigerator. With urban farming, food can be harvested and delivered within a short timeframe, preserving its quality and reducing spoilage. While scaling this model presents logistical challenges, it represents a shift toward a more localized and efficient food system. Q: Who are your main customers, and how do they influence your sustainability goals? A: Most of our customers
The Green Business Lab Simulates Real-World Solutions Toward the Triple Bottom Line
The Green Business Lab, created by Samantha Svoboda, is a sustainability-focused simulation designed to help businesses tackle real-world challenges while measuring success through the Triple Bottom Line: People, Profit, and Planet. By immersing participants in scenarios that reflect real-world complexities, the lab aims to help organizations across various industries identify sustainability opportunities, develop actionable strategies, and drive meaningful change. SBN Detroit interviewed Svoboda to explore the pressing sustainability challenges businesses face and how tools like The Green Business Lab aim to address these gaps in a practical, results-driven way. Q: What inspired you to create a business simulation focused on sustainability? A: The inspiration began decades ago when I was finishing my MBA at the University of Michigan. I wanted to focus on environmental work. I met Professor Stuart Hart and worked with him for several years to start what is now called the Erb Institute. As I collaborated across disciplines at U of M I saw a major opportunity. Sustainability requires collaboration, however. Various disciplines and schools each had their own style, specialized knowledge, and vocabulary. Through this work, I realized we needed a way to bring people together to have meaningful conversations about sustainability. Later, when teaching at Georgetown University, my students pointed out that most of the case studies we were using highlighted the weaknesses in existing sustainability practices, not successes. These, and other conversations, helped me to clarify my mission – creating a tool that could simulate real-world challenges, uncover perspectives, and foster collaboration. The Green Business Lab is the result: a customizable experience that helps companies and individuals tackle sustainability issues in a tangible, positive, actionable way, enabling them to focus on people, profit, and planet. Q: How does the business simulation work? A: The Green Business Lab operates like a flight simulator for business sustainability, offering participants a dynamic and immersive learning experience. Participants form executive teams and are tasked with leading fictional companies within an industry resembling real-world sectors like transportation or mobility products. Their mission: to achieve financial, environmental, and social goals aligned with the triple bottom line. Throughout three business cycles, participants make critical decisions on product design, operations, technology, marketing, distribution, customer use, and end-of-life processes. Each choice is tagged with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and teams must navigate leadership challenges involving environmental and social issues. They receive detailed reports on financial performance, environmental impact, and social assessments. Teams present their vision, strategies, and outcomes during engaging, facilitated debrief discussions. They develop written plans for how to apply what they have learned to their work. By simulating real-world scenarios, participants develop practical decision-making skills, align sustainability goals with business strategy, and gain insight from diverse approaches taken by competing teams. Q: What are the specific challenges or gaps in business education that you see? A: Sustainability requires navigating some potentially thorny nuances. Participants bring deeply ingrained perspectives, assumptions, experiences, and knowledge about sustainability to the table. This can make discussions complex and sometimes emotional. As I have observed teams over the years, I’ve realized these perspectives need to be shared and addressed for a team to come to a common understanding of how to proceed. It is like going slow to go fast. It can take time to reach a shared mindset, but once the work is done, progress is generally rapid. Additionally, sustainability is vast in scope. Over the years, the focus has expanded from issues like ozone depletion to plastics in our oceans, climate change, biodiversity, and social equity. It impacts every aspect of business – supply chains, operations, technology, marketing, governance, and stakeholder engagement. The Lab strives to address these challenges by providing a transparent and comprehensive experience that accommodates diverse perspectives. It’s designed to help participants understand the interconnectedness of sustainability issues while fostering discussions that move beyond surface-level understanding. Q: What are the most common sustainability challenges organizations face when participating in the Lab? A: Every company has unique challenges based on its industry and business model. For example, a coffee company like Starbucks might focus on how climate change threatens its supply chain, while a consumer electronics company may focus on product durability, repairability, and circularity. At a high level, many companies use the lab to build awareness and get their arms around sustainability and how to approach it in a holistic way. They also use it to signal that sustainability is a priority. And finally, it’s an opportunity for leadership to gather feedback from participants about perceived challenges and opportunities within the organization. Q: What kinds of strategies or insights have emerged from participants? A: One powerful example involved a company whose business model encouraged rapid product turnover, which inherently led to increased waste. During the simulation, participants recognized the disconnect between their business model and their sustainability goals, sparking a critical conversation about how to reconcile these competing priorities. Another insight relates to the triple bottom line – financial, environmental, and social metrics. Many participants come into the lab expecting a formulaic approach to sustainability, where they can calculate and compare certain outcomes. What they often realize is that sustainability requires balancing competing priorities and working collaboratively to find high-leverage solutions. Q: How does engaging with real-world examples impact participants’ understanding of sustainability? A: Real-world examples provide context and clarity. These examples help participants see the practical implications of their decisions. At the end of the simulation, teams present their strategies and outcomes. Despite starting with the same information, each team often arrives at different conclusions. This diversity of thought demonstrates that there are multiple pathways to sustainability, and the key lies in identifying the opportunities that align with a company’s values and stakeholder priorities. Q: What do you see as the biggest barriers preventing businesses from fully embracing sustainability practices? A: One major barrier is the lack of clear roadmaps. Sustainability is a broad and complex topic, and many organizations struggle to define what “fully embracing” it even looks like. Additionally, sustainability requires a shift in mindset and a willingness
Sustainable Fashion in Practice: Insights from Object Apparel
Object Apparel is a sustainability-driven clothing brand based in Detroit, dedicated to crafting handmade, organic apparel with a focus on ethical practices and environmental stewardship. Founded by artist and architect Mollie Decker, the company began in a spare bedroom of a high-rise apartment in Lafayette Park and has since grown into a live-work space in North Corktown. Object Apparel emphasizes the use of organic fabrics, natural plant-based dyes, and water-based screen-printing inks to create distinctive, high-quality pieces that offer a meaningful alternative to fast fashion. The brand’s mission goes beyond aesthetics, aiming to blend thoughtful design with sustainable practices that minimize environmental impact. SBN Detroit spoke with Decker to explore the sustainability challenges faced by small, handcrafted-apparel companies, the strategies behind maintaining eco-conscious practices, and the creative solutions that make sustainability integral to Object Apparel’s philosophy. Q: What inspired you to prioritize sustainability in your business, and how has that shaped Object Apparel? A: Sustainability is something I strive to practice in all aspects of my life. For the business, it’s shaped less visible areas like sourcing and production methods while also fueling creativity. For example, I often use scrap fabric to make unique, one-of-a-kind pieces, blending sustainability with artistic expression. Q: How do you approach sustainability in your materials, dyes, and production processes? A: We use organic fabrics, natural plant-based dyes, and water-based screen-printing inks, which are softer and bond to the fabric over time. This method is more sustainable than traditional plastisol inks and ensures a higher-quality feel. Committed to minimizing waste, our packaging is biodegradable, and we follow a made-to-order production model. Additionally, we aim to repurpose as many scraps as possible. Q: What do you see as the biggest sustainability challenges for small, handcrafted apparel businesses? A: Cost is a significant challenge. Ethical production is expensive, and many consumers compare small-batch prices to mass-produced items made overseas. Sustainable materials—natural dyes, organic fabrics, and even thread—are significantly more expensive than conventional alternatives. Balancing affordability while adhering to ethical practices requires constant attention to sourcing and wholesale opportunities. Staying true to our values while finding the right audience requires resilience and a strong voice. Sourcing sustainably is a challenge as well. I primarily work with mills and wholesalers who can accommodate small orders. For fabrics, I rely on a mill in North Carolina and a hemp wholesaler in California. Balancing budget constraints with sustainability is tricky, but supporting businesses that share our values is important to me. I think scaling would be a colossal challenge for small hand-crafted apparel businesses, and we’ve intentionally chosen not to do so. Everything is made in-house by me, and my partner, Mike, handles the screen printing. Everything we do is labor-intensive. Scaling would likely mean raising prices significantly or altering how we work, which doesn’t align with our ethos. I don’t believe being as profitable as possible and selling the most possible is sustainable. There’s more clothing already in the world than anyone could ever need in our lifetimes, so really… is making anything sustainable? It’s something I think about a lot. Q: Do you collaborate with local artists or makers, and how do those partnerships influence your work? A: While all clothing production is done in-house, we collaborate with photographers and models to create visuals for our brand. We also partner with other makers and friends to host events like group shows and clothing swaps, which foster community and support shared sustainability goals. Q: Are there emerging practices in sustainable fashion that excite you or align with your vision? A: I’m an architect by trade and came into fashion as an artistic outlet, so I don’t follow fashion industry trends closely. However, I’m excited about the growing availability of hemp fabric since hemp is an incredible material that’s sustainable and versatile. Legalization has opened doors to better options at more reasonable prices. Q: What approach works best in terms of educating customers about sustainability and its role in small brands? A: I’ve learned that sustainability works best when modeled rather than preached. All you can do is model the behavior yourself as an individual and a brand and then you seem to attract like individuals as well as invite people in to learn more when they decide it’s right for them. I don’t focus on marketing Object Apparel as a “sustainable” brand – it started as a passion project and remains rooted in art and ethics. Q: What advice would you give to someone entering the apparel industry who wants to be sustainable? A: Define your ethics and stick to them. Sustainability means different things to different people, and the industry is rife with greenwashing. Establish what matters most to you and your customers, and work within those parameters, just as we do in life. Be sure to subscribe to our newsletter for regular updates on sustainable business practices in and around Detroit.
RE-TREE Creates a Marketplace for Property Owners to Preserve Mature Trees
RE-TREE is a for-profit digital marketplace designed to offer property owners a more responsible alternative to traditional healthy tree removal. The platform enables property owners to sell, relocate, or donate their trees, promoting sustainability and preservation. Transplanting services supporting the marketplace are provided by a network of certified and trained contractors, ensuring professional and reliable execution. A detailed proposal for these services is presented to the buyer, approved, and collected by RE-TREE upon project completion. In addition to transplanting services, RE-TREE offers plant healthcare solutions designed to enhance the growing environments of mature trees. These services focus on improving the health span of trees, ultimately contributing to their longer lifespan. The marketplace operates as a virtuous cycle, with tailored approaches for residential and commercial property owners. A transaction fee applies to the appraised value of the tree: For residential property owners, fees range from 20-30%, depending on the appraised value of the tree. For commercial property owners, a flat 20% transaction fee is applied. RE-TREE bridges the gap between environmental responsibility and practical solutions, creating value for both property owners and their communities. SBN Detroit sat down with RE-TREE’s founder and CEO, Dennise Vidosh, to discuss the urban and suburban landscaping waste challenges in Southeast Michigan, the economic and environmental impact of saving mature trees, and how these efforts are contributing to broader climate action goals. Q: What is the impetus behind RE-TREE? A: As a little girl, I was deeply connected with nature, and I wanted to preserve the beautiful environment I grew up enjoying. My purpose materialized in 2018 with the innovative vision of preventing the unnecessary destruction of mature trees by developing a digital marketplace for their relocation. Through the power of technology, RE-TREE provides a platform for property owners to buy, sell, and relocate mature trees, turning a potential environmental loss into economic and ecological gain. This initiative is a solution to a global issue, transforming private property landscaping practices and redefining urban sustainability. Our momentum is driven by two key forces: the era we’re living in—commonly referred to as the Anthropocene, where we are acutely aware of our impact on the environment— and the green industry’s growing capacity and enthusiasm to embrace innovation and prioritize ecological preservation, setting the stage for meaningful change. Q: What are the current challenges facing Southeast Michigan in terms of managing urban and suburban landscaping waste, and how significant is the problem? A: One major challenge is a lack of awareness—awareness that a responsible solution exists when a tree outgrows its space or is in the way of new construction. Another challenge is perception. We’ve encountered some pushback from municipalities that don’t yet believe our tree preservation goals align with local ordinances. However, we’re actively working with these municipalities to find solutions, turning skeptics into our strongest advocates. Mature tree preservation is our mission, and while trees in commercial green spaces have historically followed a linear lifecycle, we’re making it cyclical to extend their lifespan and environmental contributions. Q: How does the concept of replanting trees and bushes instead of discarding them align with broader sustainability goals? A: Relocating mature trees rather than removing them aligns seamlessly with global sustainability goals. Mature trees provide exponential benefits to our planet, people, and communities. When healthy trees are removed simply because they’re in the way, all those benefits are lost. RE-TREE connects the dots through technology, making it easy for property owners to take a more sustainable approach. Once a mature tree is cut down, we can never replace its ecological value by planting smaller, less mature trees. Protecting these trees ensures a continuous cycle of giving back to the environment. Q: What are the environmental impacts of saving and replanting trees compared to traditional disposal methods? A: Once we destroy a mature tree, we can never catch up to the value it provides—both now and in the future. Growing trees as an agricultural crop on open land isn’t sustainable either. Preserving existing mature trees ensures we maintain their current environmental benefits, which include carbon sequestration, oxygen production, cooling effects, reduced erosion, and providing habitats for biodiversity. Q: What are the key requirements for a tree or bush to be successfully salvaged and replanted? A: The tree must be free of damage or disease and accessible for responsible extraction. There must be no overhead wires obstructing its removal path, and it needs to be a certain distance from any structure, depending on its size. Generally, we work with trees under 12 inches in trunk diameter or 35 feet tall. Bonus points for unique shapes or styles! Q: What are some of the biggest logistical or operational challenges in implementing a tree-replanting program? A: Building a network of certified service providers is currently the most significant challenge. Attracting, training, and certifying contractors to move living organisms responsibly takes time. The supply of trees will drive the demand and attract contractors, creating a new revenue stream for green industry professionals while enhancing their environmental stewardship. It’s a process of “build it, and they will come.” Together, we can build this supply chain and revolutionize the industry. Q: What are the economic and environmental benefits for homeowners, developers, or municipalities who choose to salvage trees and bushes instead of removing and replacing them? A: The benefits are immense. A mature tree sequesters eight times more carbon produces eight times more oxygen, and provides vital habitats for countless species, contributing significantly to biodiversity. These trees are invaluable to the planet’s ecosystem, and their preservation actively mitigates climate change impacts. Municipalities can benefit from residents or businesses donating trees to local parks, while commercial property owners can transform their green spaces into revenue-generating assets. It creates a never-ending cycle of giving back, fostering community connection and shared environmental goals. Q: How does preserving trees contribute to broader climate action goals, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions or improving biodiversity in Southeast Michigan? A: Preserving carbon sequestration benefits is the most immediate and obvious impact. By advising
Navigating Sustainability in Commercial EVs
Sustainability is a key focus in transportation, and commercial electric vehicles (EVs) come with their own set of challenges and opportunities. From extending EV range to tackling infrastructure and regulatory issues, progress demands both innovation and collaboration. The Shyft Group, a Novi, Michigan-based manufacturer of specialty vehicles, has been working to align its operations and product development with sustainability goals. SBN Detroit interviewed Josh Sherbin, chief legal, administrative, and compliance officer, to discuss the company’s approach to sustainability, the challenges of EV adoption in the commercial sector, and the broader implications for the transportation industry. (Note: On Dec. 16, 2024, after this interview was conducted, Shyft announced that it plans to merge with Switzerland-based Aebi Schmidt Group. The transaction is expected to close by mid-2025.) Q: How does the Shyft Group approach sustainability in product development strategies? A: Sustainability is integrated into all aspects of our product development. This reflects our commitment to environmental stewardship while meeting customer demands for efficient and responsible solutions. Our Blue Arc Class 4 EV truck, developed over the past three years, exemplifies our commitment to sustainability. Throughout its development, we’ve collaborated across the company to align operational priorities with environmental priorities. The results in a purpose-built, zero-emissions solution designed to address the specific needs of our commercial customers. Q: Blue Arc has achieved a range of greater than 200 miles between charges. What technological advancements have contributed to this milestone? A: Key advancements include regenerative braking, which recaptures energy to extend range; lightweight construction using aluminum for the cabin and shelving; and fast-charging capabilities that allow charging times of just two to six hours. These features were refined through extensive real-world testing to ensure reliability, environmental responsibility, and performance under demanding conditions. Q: Many commercial EVs have a range of around 160 miles. What are the challenges in extending EV range, particularly for commercial vehicles? A: Achieving greater range requires balancing several factors. For example, we need to optimize battery weight without compromising payload capacity. Efficiency under adverse operating conditions, such as extreme weather or rough roads, is another key consideration. We’ve worked to enhance range without sacrificing performance or customer needs. Q: What are some broader industry challenges in the commercial EV sector? A: The commercial EV sector is advancing rapidly, with last-mile delivery emerging as a practical application due to predictable routes and centralized charging. However, challenges remain. Expanding a reliable charging network is crucial for fleet operations, as the current infrastructure does not fully meet high-capacity needs. Upfront EV costs can pose challenges for smaller operators, despite potential long-term savings in fuel and maintenance. Additionally, sourcing sustainable materials for batteries and ensuring vehicles meet rigorous safety and performance standards add complexity to design and development. These challenges are being addressed through ongoing innovation and collaboration across the industry. Q: Are there regulatory, technological, or infrastructural barriers that still need to be addressed? A: Regulatory frameworks need to continue to evolve to better support the adoption of commercial EVs. Technological advancements in battery performance, including faster charging and cost reductions, are also critical to improving fleet efficiency and reducing downtime. Infrastructure remains a key focus, with a need for high-capacity chargers and strategically placed stations along logistics routes. Lastly, workforce training and development are essential to support the transition to EVs. Technicians require specialized skills to maintain and repair electric drivetrains and battery systems, while operators benefit from education on optimizing fleet efficiency. With continued collaboration between manufacturers, policymakers, and infrastructure providers, along with investments in workforce development, these barriers can be addressed, enabling a smoother transition to zero-emission commercial fleets. Q: How are material recycling and recovery implemented across your manufacturing processes? A: Recycling and recovery are core elements of our approach to sustainability, and these efforts reflect the dedication of our teams across the company. In 2023, 74% of our products were recyclable, and 59% incorporated recycled or remanufactured materials. We also leverage advanced technologies like laser fabrication machines and water recirculation systems to conserve resources. Other measures include high-efficiency LED lighting, paint booths designed for minimal energy use, and speed doors that help conserve heat. These practices are part of our broader mission to reduce our environmental impact while fostering clean, safe work environments. Q: Do you have any specific partnerships or collaborations in Southeast Michigan that have been instrumental in reaching sustainability goals? A: Collaboration is central to our approach. Internally, our Shyft for Good initiative supports environmental stewardship and community engagement. We partner with organizations like Habitat for Humanity and the Manufacturing Institute to foster community development and talent pipelines. Locally, we collaborate with the Lansing Economic Area Partnership to promote sustainable business development in the region. These efforts align with our mission to create positive environmental and social impacts while advancing sustainability. Q: Looking ahead, what are the next steps for the Shyft Group in terms of sustainability and innovation? A: We’re focused on continuing to reduce our environmental footprint through energy-efficient processes, expanded recycling programs, and reductions in waste and water use across manufacturing operations. Our “One” Shyft mindset reminds us that our greatest strength lies in our people. By working as one team, sharing best practices, and fostering collaboration across teams and brands, we deliver sustainable solutions that meet customer needs while driving progress for the broader industry. Together, with our customers and partners, we’re advancing zero-emission commercial fleet options, and contributing to meaningful change in transportation. Be sure to subscribe to our newsletter for regular updates on sustainable business practices in and around Detroit.
