Working to Expand Food Waste Composting in Michigan
Spurt Industries is a Wixom-based composting facility and the only EGLE-registered site in Macomb, Wayne, and Oakland counties producing STA Certified Compost, which is the Seal of Testing Assurance from the U.S. Composting Council. The company focuses on transforming food waste into high-quality compost products, working with a wide range of partners to divert waste from landfills and support healthier soils across Southeast Michigan. Through these efforts they consistently divert 15 million pounds of food waste from landfills annually. SBN Detroit interviewed Bill Whitley Jr., Owner and General Manager, and Adriana Whitley, Sales and Marketing Director, about the company’s origin, how compost is created and classified, and the importance of expanding food waste programs. Q: What inspired the founding of Spurt Industries, and how has the company’s mission evolved since its inception? A: Spurt Industries was founded in 1994, coinciding with Michigan’s yard waste ban, which required that yard waste be composted instead of landfilled. That legislation sparked the emergence of commercial composting operations in the state, including Spurt’s original facility in Grand Rapids. In 2008, a previous owner had opened a site in Wixom. We acquired the business in 2016 and have been operating fully out of that location. In Marc, we took over the SOCRRA Composting Yard in Rochester Hills, giving us two locations with roughly equal volume. This will allow us to process approximately 200,000 cubic yards of organics annually, making Spurt one of the largest composters in Michigan. Q: What does it mean to be an EGLE-registered composting facility? A: The previous process to become registered was as simple as submitting a one-page form and fee, but the state passed new solid waste laws about two years ago with new regulations. Now, the requirements are much more robust and we’re fully supportive of that shift. To operate a commercial composting site, facilities must now obtain a general permit and develop detailed documentation, including operational, fire safety and training plans, and more. We also post a $20,000 bond with the state. These measures ensure that composting is done responsibly and consistently across operators. We were involved in lobbying for these changes because we want a level playing field where materials are managed safely and sustainably. Q: What is the significance of being the only facility in Macomb, Wayne, and Oakland counties producing STA Certified Compost? A: The STA Certification is administered by the U.S. Composting Council and is one of the most rigorous compost quality programs in the country. Only four facilities in Michigan currently hold this certification, and we’re proud to be one of them. The certification process includes documenting all input materials, monitoring every compost pile weekly for temperature, moisture, and density, and conducting rigorous lab testing on finished compost. That includes testing for nutrients, metals, and pathogens, and running plant growth trials. This high standard has enabled us to sell compost to certified organic farms – and most importantly, we produce a clean product, free of plastic, glass, or metal contamination. That’s core to our mission. Q: What distinguishes different grades of compost, and how are they managed? A: Several factors influence compost quality: Feedstock: The materials used to make the compost matter. Incorporating food waste alongside yard waste increases nutrient value and mimics natural decomposition processes. Contamination and Pathogen Control: Compost must be free of contaminants and turned regularly to kill pathogens. Otherwise, it won’t meet quality standards. Chemical Maturity: Compost must be fully matured. “Hot compost” that hasn’t cured properly won’t support plant growth. Screening Method: Screen the product to remove oversized or undecomposed material. The finer the screening, the more refined the compost. Beyond quality, we’re also mission-driven to expand food waste composting. Yard waste is mandated by law, but food waste is not – and yet, Michigan sends 1.5 to 2 million tons of food waste to landfills annually. That’s a missed opportunity for soil and water quality improvement. When we apply compost to soil, it increases water absorption by about 100 gallons per cubic yard. That means less runoff, less strain on sewer systems, and fewer sewage overflows into our lakes, which is critical for protecting Michigan’s economy and tourism industry. Q: What has been the reaction from local businesses? Have you seen more interest in food waste recycling of late? A: Absolutely. While COVID-19 significantly disrupted commercial food waste collection – dropping volume by over 90% – we’ve since seen a steady rebound. We now see meaningful enthusiasm from businesses and strong policy support from the state. Michigan has a goal to cut food waste in half by 2030, and EGLE is developing a statewide roadmap that includes composting as a key strategy. Q: How does composting help mitigate climate change and support the environment? A: There are two major benefits: Methane Reduction: Food waste in landfills produces methane – a potent greenhouse gas. Composting food waste in an aerobic (oxygen-rich) environment prevents this. Carbon Sequestration and Soil Health: Compost improves soil quality and reduces the need for synthetic fertilizers, which often require long-distance transport and carry environmental costs. Applying compost also helps sequester carbon in the soil. It’s a win-win for climate and community. Q: Are there untapped opportunities for food waste diversion and composting in Southeast Michigan? A: Yes. There’s a long list. Only a few communities offer food scrap drop-off programs, and even fewer allow food and yard waste to be co-mingled. Less than 1% of restaurants and schools are currently composting, and yet these sectors produce massive amounts of food waste. We believe every business should be composting. We have found that when restaurants begin composting, they become more aware of their overall food waste and often change behavior, improving efficiency and reducing waste overall. Grocers like Meijer and Walmart have made meaningful progress in composting, but there’s still significant untapped potential for other businesses and municipalities to follow suit. Q: What are the biggest barriers to business adoption? A: Cost is one. The other is what we call the “ick factor.” Businesses
Landscape Architecture Rooted in Place, People, and Process
livingLAB is a Detroit-based landscape architecture and ecological planning firm that focuses on sustainable design rooted in place, people, and process. Through a blend of environmental expertise and community engagement, their work spans parks, green infrastructure, community gardens, and other projects with the goal of transforming urban spaces into resilient, inclusive landscapes. SBN Detroit interviewed with livingLAB’s founder, Courtney Piotrowski, to explore the region-specific challenges and opportunities of working in Southeast Michigan, and how a resident-led approach is redefining its approach to landscape architecture. Q: What was the impetus behind livingLAB, and how did the concept take shape? A: livingLAB was born from a desire to offer a more people-centered approach to landscape architecture than what we had experienced in larger, traditional firms. We believe great spaces require the collaboration of many people to build and steward them. By centering community voices and respecting the diverse neighborhoods and environments we work in, we’re able to create more impactful, meaningful spaces. Our work is rooted in community-driven values. Q: How is the field of landscape architecture evolving in response to climate change and environmental pressures? A: Sustainability has always been a foundational aspect of landscape architecture – even when early practices were focused primarily on aesthetics. As climate change has become a more urgent concern, we’ve increasingly focused on resilience and on quantifying the impact of our work. Landscape architects have long planned for dense, walkable communities, green space preservation, and low-impact development. What’s changed is the level of intentionality and the use of technology. We’re now incorporating features like green roofs, water-efficient design, and sustainable materials to reduce environmental harm and promote long-term climate resilience. In many ways, environmental thinking is inherent in our work – it’s just more explicit now. Q: What are the most pressing ecological or environmental challenges unique to Southeast Michigan that you encounter in your work? A: Much of our work is within the city of Detroit, where we frequently encounter challenges like industrial air pollution and localized flooding – especially due to more frequent and severe storms linked to climate change. Industrial activity and truck traffic create not just poor air quality, but excessive noise, and safety concerns. These are not abstract environmental issues – they directly impact residents’ health and quality of life. So, for us, it’s very much about community-centered environmental solutions. Q: Conversely, what opportunities does Southeast Michigan’s geography and ecosystem present that may not exist in other parts of the country? A: Southeast Michigan has the tremendous privilege – and responsibility – of being home to the Great Lakes, which contain 20% of the world’s fresh surface water. This region plays a critical role in protecting drinking water, ensuring recreational access, and restoring ecosystems like streams, wetlands, and forests. Our geography is a unique asset, and thoughtful environmental planning here can have an outsized impact. Q: You describe your work as resident-led. What does that look like in practice? How does that shift the process or outcomes of a project? A: Every project we take on has a community engagement component. But for us, it’s more than checking a box – we aim for true co-creation. That means understanding the goals, concerns, and lived experiences of the people who will use and be affected by the space. It shifts the outcome significantly. Projects are more likely to be used, embraced, and maintained when they reflect community priorities. For example, in our master planning work at Patton Park in Southwest Detroit, we held deep engagement sessions across many demographics and age groups. One topic that emerged was the role of public safety – what presence felt welcoming versus intrusive. Those conversations shaped design decisions and ultimately helped the community feel more connected to the changes. Q: What systemic or policy barriers make sustainable landscape design more difficult to implement at scale in this region? A: One of the biggest challenges is the fragmentation across regulatory bodies and municipal agencies. For example, the City of Detroit’s Planning Department may have goals that conflict with those of the Water and Sewerage Department. That lack of alignment creates roadblocks during implementation. Additionally, we often lack dedicated funding for green infrastructure, as well as the capacity to maintain it long-term. These barriers can stall otherwise promising projects. Q: How are equity and access being addressed—or not addressed—in landscape architecture and green infrastructure planning today? A: Equity often comes into focus around issues like green stormwater infrastructure. Historically, urban communities have borne the brunt of climate-related issues like flooding or heat islands. Over the past 13 years, we’ve seen significant strides in bringing equity into the conversation. But that progress is fragile. Much depends on political will and continued investment. We also must rebuild trust with communities that have historically been left out of these processes. The current political climate, with its emphasis on dismantling equity-focused initiatives, presents a real challenge. Q: If you could implement one major change in how we design and manage land in Southeast Michigan, what would it be – and why? A: We need to rethink how we address housing and transportation because those two areas are deeply connected to land use, sustainability, and community health. Expanding access to affordable, climate-resilient housing that is connected to transit would be a game-changer. Smart land use policy must consider both housing equity and climate adaptation if we want to build healthy, inclusive, and economically resilient communities. That’s the secret sauce. Be sure to subscribe to our newsletter for regular updates on sustainable business practices in and around Detroit.
Rethinking Water in a Changing Climate
Ann Arbor, Michigan-based LimnoTech is an environmental science and engineering firm with more than 50 years of experience with water-related issues. The firm works with public agencies, private industry, and nonprofit organizations to provide science-driven solutions to complex water challenges. SBN Detroit interviewed Brendan Cousino, PE, Principal and Senior Civil & Environmental Engineer at LimnoTech, to discuss the region’s most pressing water infrastructure challenges and where he sees the biggest opportunities for improvement. Q: What is the impetus behind LimnoTech? A: LimnoTech was founded by graduate students at the University of Michigan over 50 years ago. At the time, the country was just beginning to grapple with water pollution and how to treat contaminated waterways. This was also the early age of computing, and the founders began using computer-based modeling to better understand and solve environmental problems. Essentially, they were a crack team of water quality modeling experts who turned their research into a business that provides real-world environmental solutions. Q: With increasing climate variability, how do you approach designing water management solutions that are both adaptable and future-proof? A: To be future-proof, everything must be adaptable. We’re facing longer drought periods and increasingly intense rainfall events – sometimes in very short time frames. These extremes are becoming more common, and we’ve seen the consequences play out across Michigan. Our approach is to stay aligned with the latest climate science, evaluate the full range of projected conditions, and design infrastructure that can perform under both extremes. Q: What are some of the most pressing water-related challenges facing Southeast Michigan today, and how do they compare to other regions? A: Southeast Michigan is dealing with aging infrastructure systems that were built for historical conditions – not today’s climate realities. The recent Great Lakes Water Authority pipe break in Southwest Detroit is one example. Urban flooding and stormwater management are key issues, as is legacy pollution from our industrial past, compounded by new threats like microplastics, and PFAS. At the same time, Michigan is unique in its abundance of freshwater, much of it in relatively clean condition. That puts a responsibility on all of us to protect these globally significant resources. Q: Conversely, what are the biggest opportunities in Southeast Michigan for improvement and is there any low-hanging fruit? A: In many ways, we’ve already picked the low-hanging fruit. For example, our region has been ahead of the curve when it comes to combined sewer overflow treatment. Investments made in the ’90s and early 2000s, such as retention basins and treatment systems, have made a real difference in improving water quality in the region. Many of the pollutant sources in our stormwater are more broadly distributed. What’s next is being more strategic to plan infrastructure investment. We’re using better data and technology to monitor conditions. For example, we can now use robotics to inspect pipes so we don’t have to wait for them to fail, and real-time monitoring to inform operations during wet weather. That allows us to make smarter, targeted investments to prepare for changing conditions. Q: What innovative strategies or technologies are emerging to help cities like Detroit handle extreme weather events and stormwater management? A: Big data and real-time system operations are making a huge difference. With improved forecasting, operators can anticipate where rainfall is headed and adjust pump systems and treatment infrastructure in advance. We’re also using high-resolution 2D modeling to understand where water will accumulate during storms. That allows us to plan better and pinpoint risk areas. It’s transforming how we manage and design urban stormwater systems. Q: You worked extensively on the Ralph C. Wilson, Jr. Centennial Park on the Detroit riverfront. What specific water-related challenges did this project address, and how does it serve as a model for future waterfront development? A: The site had a number of infrastructure issues. There was legacy sediment contamination from industrial activity that had to be remediated to support a healthy aquatic ecosystem. The bulkheads along the river also were failing, creating dangerous sinkholes. We replaced those with new shoreline stabilization measures. We also incorporated aquatic habitat restoration into the project. The result is a world-class park that improves the riverfront for people while also addressing serious environmental concerns. It’s a great example of how community projects and infrastructure improvements can work hand in hand. Q: Infrastructure in Detroit is aging and often not designed for today’s environmental pressures. What are the biggest gaps in water infrastructure that need to be addressed, and what solutions exist? A: Much of the infrastructure was designed for storm conditions that were expected to occur once every 10 years. Now we’re seeing those types of storms almost every year, at least in some locations within the region. Our stormwater systems simply weren’t built to handle that level of intensity and frequency. The biggest gap is funding. Many systems are at or beyond their design life, but utilities don’t have the financial resources to replace them quickly. We need to identify failure points, understand what’s most vulnerable, and prioritize investment accordingly. Q: What role do community engagement and education play in developing effective climate resilience projects? A: Community engagement is a core part of most projects we work on. It’s essential that the infrastructure improvements we make actually serve the people who live there. When communities have a voice in the design process, the outcomes are better. Education also is key. Whether it’s installing a rain barrel, planting native species, or simply understanding how the stormwater system works, individual actions can add up. If we can manage even the first half inch of rainfall before it enters the storm system, we reduce the reliance on aging infrastructure. Q: Looking ahead, what do you see as the biggest opportunities for improving climate resilience and sustainable water management in the next decade? A: One major opportunity is the shift we’re seeing from purely regulatory compliance to voluntary corporate action. Many of our corporate clients are taking the initiative to reduce their water impacts. That’s a
Sustainability in Real Estate: CBRE’s Strategy for a Lower-Carbon Future
With roots tracing back to 1906, CBRE is a global real estate services firm specializing in property sales, leasing, financing, facilities and property management, valuations, investment management, and development across various industries. With a strong presence in Detroit and Southeast Michigan, the company plays a key role in shaping the region’s commercial real estate landscape. SBN Detroit interviewed Tommy Bledsoe, Senior Sustainability Specialist at CBRE, about the company’s sustainability strategy, the hurdles in decarbonizing real estate, and the trends shaping the future of sustainable property management. Q: How does CBRE approach sustainability? A: CBRE’s goal is to create long-term value for the company and its clients by accelerating sustainability initiatives. This commitment extends across CBRE’s operations as well as the properties it manages and develops. The company has set a net-zero greenhouse gas emissions target by 2040, covering corporate operations, real estate management and development, and supply chain activities. Since most of these emissions come from properties managed on behalf of clients, CBRE’s success depends on strong collaboration. To meet this challenge, CBRE has built end-to-end sustainability capabilities that help the company and its clients transition toward a lower-carbon future. Since 2019, we’ve reduced absolute emissions by 18 percent across Scopes 1, 2, and 3. Q: CBRE has set ambitious sustainability targets, but what are the biggest challenges in reducing emissions across managed properties and assets? A: One of the biggest challenges is the need for partnerships with property owners. While CBRE plays a key role in managing properties, major sustainability investments and operational changes require approval from the building owners themselves. To address this, CBRE takes a consultative approach, helping guide decision-making with data-driven recommendations that align financial benefits with sustainability outcomes. By demonstrating how sustainability investments enhance asset value and operational efficiency, the company works to gain buy-in from property owners and support long-term emissions reductions. Q: With nearly 97 percent of CBRE’s total emissions coming from property management and development, what strategies are in place to address and decarbonize these areas? A: Since 2019, CBRE has reduced emissions across property and facility management by focusing on four core areas: Maximizing resource efficiency through energy efficiency projects Expanding the adoption of renewable energy Reducing reliance on fossil fuels through electrification Decarbonizing the supply chain by working closely with vendors CBRE has also strengthened its sustainability capabilities through strategic partnerships. The company has a global collaboration with Deepki, a leader in ESG data management, and has expanded its renewable energy expertise by acquiring NRG’s renewable business. Additionally, CBRE is investing in learning and development programs to ensure employees – especially those outside of sustainability roles – have the knowledge needed to effectively advise clients. Q: Many companies struggle to balance sustainability goals with financial concerns. How does CBRE demonstrate the business case for sustainability to property owners and investors? A: We discuss the financial benefits of sustainability with our clients frequently, and the data consistently shows that sustainability investments are good for business. Buildings that incorporate sustainability measures tend to generate higher operating income, with many commanding an increase in rental premiums of up to four percent in the office sector. Additionally, these properties operate more efficiently, leading to lower utility and maintenance costs. Market demand is also increasing. A CBRE survey of office occupiers found that 66 percent of tenants prioritize sustainable building features, making it the most commonly cited amenity preference. Properties with strong sustainability credentials also tend to resell at higher values, making sustainability a key differentiator in long-term asset performance. CBRE works closely with clients to provide data-driven insights and present projects that align both financial and environmental benefits. Q: What industries or property types present the biggest challenges for sustainability initiatives, and how does CBRE tailor solutions to different clients? A: The biggest challenge isn’t necessarily the type of property, but rather the lease structure. Industrial and retail properties, for example, often operate under triple-net leases, where tenants – not property owners – are responsible for utility costs. This creates a scenario where landlords may hesitate to invest in sustainability upgrades if tenants receive most of the financial benefits. As a property manager, CBRE sits at the nexus between owners and tenants, putting the company in a unique position to bridge this gap. We work to align interests by educating tenants on green initiatives, offering sustainability services that collect and analyze utility data, and identifying mutually beneficial sustainability projects. By facilitating collaboration, CBRE helps landlords and tenants find common ground on sustainability investments. Q: Speaking of collaboration, how does CBRE work with suppliers, contractors, and municipalities to ensure sustainable building practices? A: CBRE’s sustainability efforts extend beyond property owners and occupiers to include suppliers, contractors, and industry organizations. The company is an active member of industry groups such as the U.S. Green Building Council and the Building Owners and Managers Association. Additionally, CBRE enforces a supplier code of conduct that ensures vendors align with socially and environmentally responsible commitments. Q: Many older buildings were not designed with energy efficiency in mind. What strategies does CBRE use to retrofit and modernize legacy properties? A: Retrofitting existing buildings is a major focus, particularly since an estimated 80 percent of today’s buildings will still be in use by 2050. Achieving a sustainable built environment requires upgrading these properties rather than relying on new construction alone. We begin by assessing a building’s baseline performance, using software tools to analyze energy consumption and model potential retrofit pathways. Engineers conduct on-site evaluations to identify efficiency opportunities, and findings are compiled into asset-specific sustainability action plans. Q CBRE operates globally. How do sustainability priorities and challenges differ across regions, specifically Southeast Michigan? A: We see a lot of regional differences and nuances. Regulations vary by region, and in Southeast Michigan, local policies play a key role in driving sustainability efforts. Both Detroit and Ann Arbor have energy and water benchmarking policies, requiring properties of a certain size to report consumption data. While benchmarking is common nationwide, some cities and states
Commercial Fleet Vehicle’s Evolution to Electrification
Bollinger Motors is an electric vehicle manufacturer focused on Class 4 and Class 5 trucks. Founded in 2015, the company initially set out to develop off-road electric vehicles but later pivoted to commercial fleet electrification, seeing a gap in the medium-duty truck market. Now headquartered in Oak Park, Michigan, Bollinger is majority-owned by California-based Mullen Automotive (Nasdaq: MULN). SBN Detroit interviewed Jim Connelly, the company’s Chief Revenue Officer, to discuss the challenges and opportunities within the Class 4 and Class 5 electric truck market, the considerations driving fleet electrification, and the broader implications for sustainability and economic growth in the region. Q: How did Bollinger Motors get started, and what led the company into the Class 4 and 5 truck market? A: Robert Bollinger founded Bollinger Motors in 2015 in upstate New York with the goal of developing a rugged, off-road vehicle for his farm that didn’t rely on gas. He and a small team of engineers started experimenting in his garage. As things progressed, Robert saw a gap in the commercial truck space – there were virtually no electric options in the Class 4, 5, and 6 segments. With government incentives accelerating EV adoption, the opportunity to focus on the commercial market became clear. Bollinger moved operations to Oak Park in 2017, tapping into the automotive engineering and manufacturing expertise in Detroit. Q: What is the driving force behind the development of Class 4 and 5 trucks, and how does this market function? A: The commercial vehicle sector has been expanding rapidly, particularly with the rise of last-mile delivery services and the increasing demand for residential delivery. Class 4 and 5 trucks are utilized across several industries, including landscaping, telecommunications, and delivery services. These versatile vehicles play a key role in urban and regional transportation. Electrification makes perfect sense for this market. Most Class 4 and 5 vehicles operate locally, returning to a central depot each evening, which simplifies charging logistics. The predictable routes and relatively moderate daily mileage make them ideal candidates for EV adoption. Q: What are the main factors driving businesses to transition to electric trucks at this size? A: Sustainability goals are a major motivator. Large corporations are looking to reduce their carbon footprint, and transitioning their fleets from gas and diesel to electric clearly aligns with their environmental objectives. Cost savings are a key factor as well. Fuel economy improvements, lower maintenance costs, and federal and state incentives make electric fleet adoption financially appealing. Since these vehicles are driven extensively, reducing fuel costs and minimizing maintenance expenses significantly lower the total cost of ownership over time. Q: What are the biggest challenges and opportunities in establishing EV adoption in this segment? The biggest challenge is infrastructure development. Companies need to build charging infrastructure to support EV fleets, which can be a major hurdle. Another challenge is driver familiarity. Drivers are used to gas and diesel vehicles, so transitioning to EVs can be disruptive. We intentionally designed the truck’s cab and controls to be similar to traditional vehicles. When it comes to opportunities, the market is wide open. Q: How does Bollinger’s partnership with EO Charging support fleet electrification? A: While many companies are eager to transition to electric fleets, most fleet managers have spent their careers managing gas and diesel vehicles. The shift to EVs requires new knowledge about charging infrastructure, vehicle compatibility, and grid capacity – areas that can cause angst. EO Charging provides end-to-end solutions, assessing customers’ facilities, infrastructure, and utility needs. They work alongside us to ensure that everything is in place – from hardware installation to liaising with utility companies – so businesses can confidently move forward with EV adoption. Q: What has the response from fleet operators been since Bollinger launched sales last fall? A: The response has been very positive. At the recent NTEA Work Truck Show, we participated in ride-and-drive events, where industry leaders and fleet managers had the opportunity to test our vehicles. Many have since expressed strong interest in long-term test drives, which we are now scheduling. We’ve also established a growing dealer network, with over 50 locations nationwide and are continuing to expand. Discussions with additional dealer groups indicate that demand for electric commercial trucks is rising steadily. Q: How do these trucks compare to diesel alternatives in cost and emissions? A: The total cost of ownership varies depending on several factors, including miles driven, fuel prices, vehicle lifespan, and upfitting requirements. We use a tool developed by Argonne National Laboratory at the University of Chicago, which allows businesses to calculate the payback period and emissions reductions for their specific use case. While EVs have a higher upfront cost, they become more cost-effective over time due to fuel savings, reduced maintenance, and substantial government incentives. Speaking of incentives, the federal government offers a $40,000 tax credit for Class 4 EVs under the Inflation Reduction Act. Certain states, such as California, provide additional incentives of up to $60,000 per vehicle, meaning businesses can receive up to $100,000 in incentives per truck. These incentives make early EV adoption much more financially viable. Many states now offer additional grants and rebates as well. We have a dedicated team that helps customers navigate these incentives, ensuring they maximize available savings. Q: What role does Bollinger’s Michigan headquarters play in the future of EV truck production? A: Robert Bollinger always knew that to scale, he needed to be in Detroit – the automotive capital of the world. Southeast Michigan provides access to a highly skilled workforce, manufacturing expertise, and a network of suppliers and engineers that is unmatched anywhere else in the country. We see ourselves as more than just an EV company – we are an automotive company. Being headquartered in Michigan allows us to merge cutting-edge technology with traditional automotive craftsmanship, ensuring we produce world-class electric trucks that meet the needs of commercial fleets today and into the future. Be sure to subscribe to our newsletter for regular updates on sustainable business practices in and around Detroit.
Rethinking Freight: How Drones May Change Cargo Transport
The Detroit Region Aerotropolis Development Corp. is a public-private economic development partnership with the Wayne County Airport Authority. Looking through an environmental and ecological lens, the organization aims to build out the manufacturing, logistics, and mobility sectors in the airport region of Southeast Michigan to attract investment and improve transportation efficiencies. One of its key areas of focus is exploring sustainable freight solutions, including the use of drones to transport lightweight cargo, reducing emissions, road congestion, and overall wear on transportation networks. SBN Detroit spoke with Christopher Girdwood, CEO of Detroit Region Aerotropolis, to discuss how drone technology is reshaping logistics, the environmental and economic impact of freight inefficiencies, and the future of cargo transport in Southeast Michigan. Q: How is the Detroit Region Aerotropolis set up and funded? A: Detroit Region Aerotropolis is part of a Next Michigan Development Corp. (NMDC), a legislative framework established around 2010 following the Great Recession. The goal was to stimulate economic growth by leveraging key regional assets, such as Detroit Metropolitan Airport (DTW) and Willow Run Airport. Similar NMDCs exist across Michigan, including Traverse City for wine and tourism and Midland for Canadian cross-border trade. In total, there are seven in the state. We are funded through contributions from the Wayne County Airport Authority, Wayne County, Washtenaw County, Taylor, Romulus, Van Buren, and Huron, along with private partners like DTE and national developers. The overarching concept of NMDCs is to harness regional strengths—in our case, the airport region and aerotropolis—to drive economic engines and create new opportunities locally, nationally, and even globally. Q: A main focus of the Detroit Region Aerotropolis is the utilization of drones to transport lightweight cargo. Is this a fully operational initiative, or is it still in a developmental phase? A: Right now, we are still in the developmental phase. About five years ago, we engaged Airspace Link, a Detroit-based company, to explore alternative solutions to road expansion, which can be very costly. In fact, building a new mile of road can cost around $1 million, so extrapolating from there, to expand Ecorse Road between I-75 and I-94 could run between $40 million and $50 million. Instead of building new roads, we started asking whether low-altitude airspace could be used to transport freight more efficiently. In 2021, we conducted a drone demonstration for stakeholders in Taylor, showing how drones could be used for transporting time-sensitive medical supplies like COVID tests. By 2023, we partnered with Automation Alley, Airspace Link, and the State of Michigan to run another pilot involving the movement of Project Diamond’s 3D-printed parts. The core question is, why transport a five-pound part on a two-ton truck when a drone can deliver it faster and more sustainably? Looking forward, we’re launching a pilot program – again in partnership with Airspace Link – that will consider Michigan’s extensive railway network for use as a corridor for drone flights. Since rail corridors are underutilized, they could serve as safe, dedicated pathways for just-in-time delivery solutions. Q: From an environmental standpoint, what are the biggest inefficiencies in the current freight and logistics system that drones could help solve? A: One of the biggest inefficiencies we see is the mismatch between cargo size and transport vehicle. It’s the two-ton truck scenario I mentioned. Trucks often run at low capacity in terms of cargo. They consume fuel, contribute to congestion, and increase emissions. By adopting a model where the size and weight of transported goods are better matched with the vehicle, we can significantly reduce unnecessary truck traffic. Low-altitude airspace offers a solution to move cargo without adding more trucks to the roads. We’ve been analyzing similar drone freight models in Dallas, Virginia, and North Dakota, which have used battery-powered drones to optimize freight movement and reduce carbon footprints. Our goal is to bring those sustainability benefits to Southeast Michigan. Q: What are the key challenges when it comes to widespread drone adoption for cargo movement in Southeast Michigan? A: One of the biggest challenges is community acceptance. We want to ensure that drones operate in designated corridors, avoiding residential areas and sensitive infrastructure. Over-communicating with communities and local governments will be key to gaining public support. Another challenge is regulatory approval. Romulus is currently working on an ordinance to allow drone operations, and we hope that other municipalities will follow their lead. Being a first-mover in this space often attracts industry investment, so communities that take the lead in enabling drone logistics will likely see new businesses and jobs emerge in their regions. Q: Are there specific industries or types of cargo where drones could make an immediate impact? A: The State of Michigan has asked us this same question. An example is 3D printing and advanced manufacturing. Getting designs from production to final assembly is critical. The traditional transit method involves a delivery truck – a process that could be made far more efficient with drone delivery. Similarly, in the HVAC industry, skilled tradespeople often need custom-cut sheet metal at their job sites. Instead of driving to pick it up, a drone could deliver the materials directly, eliminating travel time and allowing for more installations in a day. Another promising sector is medical logistics, where time-sensitive deliveries of medical equipment and devices are already gaining traction. Unlike consumer drone delivery models like Amazon’s, which focus on residential shipments, we are prioritizing and leaning into our industrial heritage in Southeast Michigan. Our focus is on using drone freight to support Michigan’s manufacturing sector by moving goods between Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers and final assembly plants – ideally utilizing railway corridors as designated drone flight paths. Q: Are there cost savings for businesses, or is this more about sustainability and reducing environmental impact? A: It’s a combination of both. From a cost perspective, companies are already exploring drone freight as an alternative to traditional trucking. Additionally, every new truck on the road contributes to traffic congestion and the need for expanded infrastructure. If drones can help prevent the need
Sustainability in Civil Engineering: Challenges, Innovations, and the Future
Spalding DeDecker is a Rochester, Hills-Michigan-based civil engineering and surveying firm specializing in infrastructure and land development, land surveying, landscape architecture, and urban planning. With decades of experience, the company has contributed to a wide range of projects, including transportation networks, private and public developments, and municipal services, balancing engineering excellence with evolving industry demands. SBN Detroit interviewed Tricia DeMarco, Director of Urban Design and Sustainability, and Bob Ford, Lead Landscape Architecture at Spalding DeDecker, to discuss the role of sustainability within their projects, as well as the challenges and opportunities of implementing eco-conscious infrastructure and design in Southeast Michigan. Q: How does Spalding DeDecker approach sustainability, and what methodologies or processes are you focused on? DeMarco: Spalding DeDecker has been around for 70 years, and like any forward-thinking company, we continually seek opportunities to evolve. Over the past five years, we’ve expanded our services to include urban planning and landscape architecture. This multidisciplinary approach is now essential for competing in sustainable projects. By integrating these disciplines, we ensure sustainability is considered holistically at every stage of development, rather than as an afterthought. Q: What are the biggest sustainability challenges the civil engineering and landscape architecture industries face today, particularly in infrastructure development and land surveying? DeMarco: Public funding and prioritization remain some of the biggest hurdles. Market conditions and regulatory approvals also pose significant barriers to innovation and development. Some of the most promising, forward-thinking projects stall or never come to fruition due to these constraints. Ford: In urban environments, implementing sustainability measures—such as water detention systems—offers clear environmental benefits. These solutions cleanse stormwater before it enters drainage systems, mitigate flooding, and improve water quality. However, they also require land and space which can be costly. Emerging technologies are helping to submerge these systems beneath parking lots and other developed areas, but they add significant costs that not all projects can absorb. Q: What are the specific sustainability challenges in Southeast Michigan? DeMarco: Having worked in multiple states, I’ve seen that one of Southeast Michigan’s biggest challenges is stormwater retention. Many areas, particularly in Detroit, have non-infiltrating soils, which means that even when regulations require on-site stormwater retention, the land itself can’t accommodate it. Contaminated urban soils further complicate stormwater solutions. Ford: That’s exactly right. Many of the soils in this region are heavy clay, which doesn’t allow for effective water infiltration. Additionally, in urban areas, we often encounter layers of fill material left from demolished buildings, which can create further challenges. If a site wasn’t properly backfilled or if remnants of previous structures remain, it adds complexity and cost to development. Q: Conversely, are there any specific opportunities in urban planning, infrastructure, and site design in Southeast Michigan? DeMarco: One of the greatest opportunities in Detroit and Southeast Michigan is the availability of land. While vacant land presents its own challenges, it also allows us to think creatively and implement solutions that wouldn’t be possible in more densely developed cities. Another opportunity lies in rethinking roadways. Rather than automatically widening roads, we can evaluate the entire right-of-way and explore alternative uses. Community engagement is also a significant advantage here—many projects are directly shaped by input from local residents and stakeholders, which isn’t always the case in other regions. Ford: In downtown Detroit, there has been a great deal of innovation surrounding stormwater runoff management, including drainage credit incentives for sustainable stormwater solutions. These regulatory challenges have actually fueled creative approaches and encouraged developers and engineers to think differently. Q: How does Spalding DeDecker integrate sustainable practices into projects like the Detroit Zoo? Can you share specific strategies or innovations that have made a measurable impact? DeMarco: The Detroit Zoo project provided an opportunity to approach sustainability from a much broader perspective than is typical in most projects. One of the key focuses was stormwater management. Instead of viewing stormwater as a nuisance, we considered it a valuable resource. Through the Zoo’s Discovery Trail project, we designed a system that captures and can be used in the future to repurpose stormwater for practical uses such as flushing toilets and irrigation. By treating stormwater as an asset rather than a problem, we were able to create a more sustainable and efficient solution. Pursuing SITEs Certification on this project also encouraged us to think creatively about preserving existing soil composition and protection of the underlying mycelium networks which, as an industry, we are gaining an increasing understanding of the importance of leaving these site elements undisturbed. Q: When it comes to private and public development projects, how do you balance environmental responsibility with economic feasibility? DeMarco: Environmental responsibility and economic feasibility go hand in hand. At its core, sustainability is about managing the tension between the two. One of the most cost-effective approaches is leveraging the existing natural systems of a site rather than working against them. Respecting and integrating these systems can lead to both economic and environmental benefits. Ford: There’s always a balance to strike. Incorporating sustainability measures often requires an upfront investment, but there are ways to offset costs. Recycling materials—such as using crushed concrete as base material—can reduce expenses while maintaining structural integrity. We also prioritize stormwater infiltration where possible, using green infrastructure to not only manage water but also enhance aesthetics. Trees and green spaces don’t just help with stormwater; they reduce the heat island effect, improve air quality, and enhance the pedestrian experience. Q: What are the biggest barriers to incorporating sustainable practices into large-scale projects? DeMarco: The biggest barrier is the status quo. It’s far easier to do things the way they’ve always been done. True sustainability requires stepping back, understanding the unique context of a project, and identifying site-specific opportunities. Ford: Absolutely. Regulations often dictate project design based on traditional methodologies, limiting the ability to explore more sustainable alternatives. That’s why it’s crucial to involve clients and regulatory agencies early in the planning process to explore new approaches before a project becomes locked into a conventional path. Q: How is climate change
A Look at Sustainable Architecture with Quinn Evans
Quinn Evans is a nationally recognized architecture and design firm specializing in historic preservation, adaptive reuse, and sustainable building strategies. With a strong commitment to reducing environmental impact, the firm prioritizes decarbonization through the reuse of existing structures, energy-efficient design, and innovative material solutions. An example of this is the firm’s leadership in restoring Detroit’s historic Michigan Central Station. In collaboration with Ford Motor Co., Quinn Evans assembled a multidisciplinary team of architects, engineers, historians, and conservation specialists to rehabilitate the long-abandoned landmark. SBN Detroit interviewed Senior Associate Angela Wyrembelski to explore the challenges and opportunities of decarbonizing buildings, the role of adaptive reuse in reducing embodied carbon, and the latest tools and technologies shaping the future of sustainable architecture. Q: Walk us through how Quinn Evans approaches decarbonization in building design and renovation. A: At the core of our approach is valuing what already exists. Reusing and adapting existing structures is our first line of defense against excessive carbon emissions. New construction comes with an enormous carbon cost, from material extraction to manufacturing and transportation. By preserving and repurposing buildings, we significantly reduce that impact while maintaining the historical and cultural integrity of structures that communities value. Beyond preservation, we focus on making buildings high-performing through energy-efficient systems and renewable energy integration. We also consider material selection – prioritizing low-carbon materials and renewable resources – to minimize environmental impact. These layers work together to create buildings that are both sustainable and adaptable for the future. Q: What are the most significant contributors to carbon emissions in architecture and development? A: The structure itself is by far the biggest contributor. Building materials such as steel and concrete account for nearly 50% of a structure’s carbon footprint. Concrete, in particular, is incredibly carbon-intensive. Q: What strategies can be implemented to counteract these carbon contributors? A: We prioritize material selection. Low-carbon concrete is gaining traction… there are manufacturers working with different mixes that are much better for the environment. We also advocate for retaining as much of a structure as possible to minimize the need for new materials. Additionally, we use Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) to ensure transparency in material selection and work closely with manufacturers that provide sustainable options. It’s a holistic approach that combines design, technology, and materials to drive lower carbon outcomes. Q: What are the biggest challenges in designing and executing low-carbon projects? A: One of the biggest challenges is cost perception. Energy-efficient upgrades are often easier to justify because they lead to lower utility bills. However, the financial return on low-carbon materials isn’t always as direct. Convincing clients to invest in sustainable materials that may have a higher upfront cost but a longer-term environmental benefit can be difficult. Q: How does adaptive reuse contribute to sustainability? A: Adaptive reuse is one of the most impactful sustainability strategies. Embodied carbon in new buildings can be equivalent to operating a building for 10 to 50 years. The construction phase—material extraction, manufacturing, transportation, and installation—is highly energy-intensive. By contrast, when we reuse a structure, much of the material is already on-site, eliminating those initial carbon expenditures. This is why we advocate for renovation and repurposing over demolition and new construction whenever possible. How does your work in Detroit compare to other markets in terms of sustainable development? A: Michigan lags behind some coastal states in energy codes and sustainable requirements. Cities on the East Coast, for example, have stringent energy mandates that compel developers to meet higher efficiency standards. In Michigan, we often have to educate clients on the benefits of going beyond minimum code requirements. That said, there is a strong culture of stewardship in Michigan. Legacy institutions within the auto industry, churches, and universities have deep-rooted histories, and many of these organizations recognize the value of long-term sustainability. Our role is to help them integrate sustainability into their projects in ways that align with their mission and values. Q: Quinn Evans played a major role in the Michigan Central revitalization. What sustainable strategies were implemented, and what lessons can be applied to future renovations? A: This was an incredibly rewarding project. The first step was assessing what could be saved. The building had been abandoned for over 30 years, yet it still had incredible architectural details that we wanted to preserve. We focused on retaining as much of the original materials as possible, aligning with the embodied carbon narrative. Another key aspect was optimizing the building’s performance and envelope. We used advanced modeling software to analyze thermal performance, airflow, and ventilation. This helped us right-size insulation and mechanical systems to enhance efficiency while preserving historic integrity. For example, our studies showed that adding insulation to the upper brick portion of the building would improve performance, but doing the same to the limestone base would trap moisture and accelerate deterioration. These findings guided our approach, ensuring sustainability without compromising the building’s long-term health. Q: What new digital tools are helping architects track and optimize carbon savings? A: We use a variety of tools, including Tally and EC3, to analyze material selections and their carbon impact. For whole-building carbon analysis, we use C-Scale (EPIC) and the CARE Tool, which help compare carbon emissions from new versus renovated buildings. These technologies allow us to make data-driven decisions that prioritize sustainability from the outset. Q: What are some of the most promising sustainable materials currently being developed? A: There’s been significant progress in repurposing waste materials. We’re seeing recycled glass being used in place of gravel and construction waste being reintegrated into new builds. At Michigan Central, historic materials that were unable to be reinstalled were reused in creative ways. Stone cladding from the station’s columns was repurposed within the counters of the café, and marble was incorporated into the landscape as accent features. Finding innovative ways to repurpose materials keeps them out of landfills and adds unique character to a project. Q: Looking ahead, where do you see sustainable architecture evolving in the next five to ten years? A: There
Bosch to Invest $13.7 Million in Hydrogen Research and Development Hub in Farmington Hills
Hydrogen technology is gaining attention as a potential solution for reducing carbon emissions and supporting clean energy initiatives. Bosch is expanding its research and development efforts in Michigan with a new hydrogen hub, supported by the Michigan Business Development Program. The project focuses on advancing fuel cell and hydrogen engine technology, with applications in transportation and other industries. SBN Detroit asked Matt Thorington, Engineering Manager of Hydrogen Stacks and Systems at Bosch USA, about the company’s vision for hydrogen, the impact of its new hydrogen hub, and the role Michigan plays in driving clean energy innovation. Q: Regarding Bosch’s commitment to advance hydrogen technology – what drives this investment, and what are the ultimate goals of the hydrogen hub? A: Hydrogen will play a role in a diversified mix of powertrain options in the future. Hydrogen is used in many other sectors, all of which, including mobility, will benefit from clean hydrogen production via water electrolysis. Our work at the Farmington Hills location underscores our commitment to advancing hydrogen technology, enabling us to deliver innovative solutions that support our customers’ needs and drive progress toward the hydrogen economy. Q: Given the Michigan Business Development Program grant, how important is the state’s support in facilitating innovation and expanding clean energy infrastructure? A: The addition of this hydrogen research and development space will help empower innovative developments throughout the hydrogen lifecycle, allowing for improved integration. This $13.7 million Michigan Business Development Program grant will enable extensive upgrades and restructuring of 2,200 square feet of existing space to support further development of the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell power module and the Proton Exchange Membrane electrolyzer stack for hydrogen production. Q: Bosch has identified hydrogen as a key part of a diversified powertrain future. How exactly will the hub facilitate and support this? A: Fuel cells are highly efficient at converting hydrogen into electricity, and when powered by green hydrogen (produced via renewable energy), fuel cell electric vehicles offer a sustainable transportation solution with a low environmental footprint. With the fuel cell, Bosch is offering a solution – especially for long-haul trucks. Fuel cells have attained the technological maturity required for broad-based use, initially in commercial trucking. Q: What specific sustainability challenges does this hydrogen hub aim to address, both locally in Michigan and globally? A: Fuel cell vehicles produce only water vapor as a byproduct, making them a clean alternative to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles and contributing to improved air quality and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Another bonus: fuel cell vehicles can be refueled in just a few minutes at hydrogen stations, offering refueling convenience similar to conventional vehicles. They also provide longer driving ranges compared to many battery electric vehicles, making them ideal for long-distance travel, thereby enabling the possibility to help decarbonize the ‘hard to abate’ sectors such as HD mobility, industrial, and power sectors. For applications that run for a long time at high loads, a hydrogen engine is an attractive solution that helps to enable decarbonization while largely maintaining the existing powertrain. Bosch is developing injection and ignition systems for both port fuel and direct injection of hydrogen, designed to enable OEMs to utilize approximately 90% of the existing engine and vehicle architecture, and quickly adopt the hardware to hydrogen fuel. The success of fuel cell technology and hydrogen engine technology is further buoyed by the hydrogen hubs in the U.S.. More applications will help these technologies to establish a foothold in key initial markets. Q: How will this project contribute to Michigan’s role in clean energy and hydrogen development? A: Hydrogen offers immense potential as a low-carbon fuel that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve energy security, and drive economic growth. I’m thankful that the State of Michigan continues to invest in clean energy and hydrogen development. Q: What impact on jobs will this new hydrogen hub have? A: The Regional Hydrogen Research and Development Hub at Bosch’s Farmington Hills headquarters facility is anticipated to create 28 new jobs in mechanical, electrical and chemical engineering over a three-year period. Q: What are Bosch’s next steps in hydrogen innovation, and could we see further expansions or additional hydrogen-focused projects in Michigan? A: Fuel cell power modules are only the beginning for Bosch. Today’s engine and powertrain technologies, along with the corresponding vehicle architectures, provide a solid platform for the development of hydrogen engines, especially since a significant portion of existing development and manufacturing technologies can be re-utilized. The basic structure of the fuel, air, and exhaust system can be adopted from existing powertrain solutions. A hydrogen engine can do everything a diesel engine does, but on top of that, it can contribute to improved air quality and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Although its efficiency is lower than that of a fuel cell when loads are light to moderate, it is more efficient for full loads. Be sure to subscribe to our newsletter for regular updates on sustainable business practices in and around Detroit.
Urban Farming in Detroit
Planted Detroit is a vertical farming company located in the heart of the city, dedicated to redefining the way fresh produce is grown and distributed. By leveraging Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) and a commitment to biosecurity, the company focuses on producing high-quality greens year-round while minimizing environmental impact. Its model aims to ensure fresher, longer-lasting food while reducing the carbon footprint associated with traditional farming and long-distance transportation. SBN Detroit interviewed CEO and founder Tom Adamczyk to discuss the company’s sustainability efforts, how vertical farming plays a role in reshaping the food system, and what this means for businesses and consumers in Southeast Michigan. Q: Your background is in finance – what prompted the shift to develop Planted Detroit? A: Yes, my background is in capital markets and finance, particularly mergers, acquisitions, and investment management. Part of that work involved identifying emerging technologies and investment opportunities, with a specific focus on agriculture and sustainability. Through this research, I began looking at broader issues within the food supply chain and seeing systemic issues. Consumers are often paying higher prices for food that is lower in quality, and much of that is due to inefficiencies in how food is grown, transported, and distributed. A significant portion of fresh produce travels thousands of miles before reaching grocery stores, which impacts its nutritional value and shelf life while increasing costs and environmental impact. In 2016–2017, I started researching alternative agricultural models, including controlled environment agriculture. Vertical farming stood out as a viable approach to addressing these challenges. Rather than just investing in the sector, I wanted to fully understand how to make vertical farming both sustainable and economically viable – and be a part of it. That led to the launch of Planted Detroit in 2018. Q: Why did you choose vertical farming as your model? What advantages does it offer in terms of sustainability? A: I evaluated multiple controlled environment agriculture models, including greenhouse farming but determined that vertical farming had more scalability potential in urban environments and was more aligned with what I think needs to be done on a large scale for mass food production. The ability to grow vertically also makes it possible to produce more food within a smaller physical footprint. Compared to traditional farming, this method uses fewer natural resources while maintaining consistent production levels. Q: How do you approach energy efficiency in vertical farming? A: When I first started researching vertical farming, LED lighting technology was still evolving. The legalization of cannabis led to significant advancements in this area, as companies like GE and Philips invested in more efficient, cost-effective grow lights. This helped drive down costs and improve performance, making vertical farming more viable at scale. LED lighting systems now allow for adjustments to optimize plant growth and energy use. These new lighting systems generate less heat, which means we only use and pay for the photons needed for plant growth. One of our lights allows us to tune the spectrum from red to blue, which not only impacts the plant’s taste and growth but also improves energy efficiency. Q: How does vertical farming contribute to a more sustainable food system in Southeast Michigan? A: One of the primary challenges in food systems is access to fresh, high-quality produce, and locally based food production can play a role in improving availability. Growing food year-round in a climate like Michigan’s is an advantage in itself. Seasonal limitations often mean that fresh produce must be imported from across the country. By producing food locally, we can shorten the time between harvest and consumption, helping to preserve both nutritional value and quality. In the long term, the goal is to establish a model where fresh, nutrient-rich food is widely accessible, whether through direct-to-consumer sales, grocery stores, or partnerships. Q: What other sustainability practices are in place at Planted Detroit? A: As I mentioned, energy efficiency is a key consideration, both from an environmental and operational standpoint. Lighting and climate control systems are continuously optimized to minimize energy consumption while maintaining stable growing conditions. Water usage is another critical factor. Vertical hydroponic systems allow for 95% less water consumption compared to traditional farming methods. Our system feeds the plants at their root systems with nutrient-dosed water that is then recirculated and cycled back through the plants. This saves a lot of water. In terms of waste management, growing media is used only once per crop cycle and then composted. Local organizations, including Sanctuary Farms, repurpose the composted material, creating a closed-loop system that supports other agricultural efforts in the area. Food waste is also minimized. Any excess products that cannot be sold are donated through Food Rescue U.S. to prevent unnecessary landfill contributions. Packaging materials are continuously evaluated to maximize recyclability. Q: How does Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) compare to traditional farming in terms of resource efficiency? A: Water conservation is one of the most significant benefits. With increasing climate challenges, particularly droughts, the ability to grow food using a fraction of the water required by traditional agriculture is an important factor. Energy consumption is often discussed in relation to CEA, as artificial lighting does require electricity. However, when considering the entire supply chain—including long-haul transportation, refrigeration, and food spoilage—vertical farming presents efficiencies that help offset its energy use. Additionally, because production is demand-driven, it reduces overproduction and associated waste. Q: How do vertical farming and a shorter supply chain benefit businesses and consumers? A: Reducing the number of steps between food production and consumption improves both freshness and sustainability. My goal is farm-to-fork. People should be able to buy their food directly from the farm and put it in their refrigerator. With urban farming, food can be harvested and delivered within a short timeframe, preserving its quality and reducing spoilage. While scaling this model presents logistical challenges, it represents a shift toward a more localized and efficient food system. Q: Who are your main customers, and how do they influence your sustainability goals? A: Most of our customers
